Paul Sutton

chemistry

Heavy Element Alchemy

Interesting article from SciTechDaily about the formation of the heavy elements.

This infographic may also be of interest, it is published by c&en.

Tags

#Chemistry,#Element,#Origins,#Space,#NeutronStars


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Digital pH Tester

I recently ordered a digital pH meter to go with some of the Chemistry resources at the STEM event and at home.

This is a nice little unit, using 2x LR44 (AG13) cell batteries, I did a quick test on some tap water and some vinegar and got expected results. Seems tap water is slightly on the acidic side, so i may have to do proper experimentation with this.

Easy to set, just add batteries, take off protective cover and place in the liquid that you want to test.

One comment that the instructions are in Chinese, which isn't really helpful, but the unit is easy to use, with some common sense and problem-solving skills.

Measurements are from pH 0 to pH 14, with increments of 0.01 so it should be possible to measure very small changes or gradual changes that may take place during reactions for example.

I will be using this at a future STEM group meeting in the meantime, there is an experiment I want to undertake anyway and this will be ideal.

Tags

#Science,#Chemistry,#pH,#Tester.


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Chemistry glassware

Another video found on peertube, This is looking at Tapered ground glass joints | Introduction to chemistry: Glassware

This is a useful topic as it is important to be familiar with what lab equipment is used. This video covers how to join tapered glassware together, how to seal and remove correctly. What you can do if joints get stuck. It also gives a brief look at joint sizes e.g 25/40 where 25 40 is the length and 25 is the size of the largest part of the taper. The video makes it clearer.

Tags

#Chemistry,#Laboratory,#Glassware


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Biochemistry of Enceladus

Observations of Elemental Composition of Enceladus Consistent with Generalized Models of Theoretical Ecosystems | bioRxiv

Paper on BiorXiv on the chemistry found on Enceladus. You can read this here

I found a link to this on the Fediverse and the original post can also be found here

This can also be discussed on Science Forums

Tags

#Science,#Chemistry,#BioChemistry,#Space,#Moon,#Enceladus


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Solute calculator

There is website tool for calculating the amount of solute needed for a given volume and concentration. This can be found here

I just put this together in python3

V2.0

#Chemical solute calculator
print("Chemical solute calculator")
print(" ")
print("This program will ask you for some basic data and will then calculate how much solute is needed for a given volume and concentration")
print(" ")
print("1 mol solution is formula weight in 1 liter of water")
print("")
print(" ")
print("Mass is the molecular mass of the chemical solution you're making e.,g Copper Sulfate is 249g")
print(" ")
print("Volume the total solution volume in litres,  100ml is written as 0.100")
print(" ")
print("Concentration required in Mols")
print(" ")
mass = input ("Mass in g: ") 
#print("Solute requred")
volume = input("Volume in l: ")
print((volume) + " l")
conc = input ("Required Concentration in M: ") 

solute = float(mass) * float(volume) * float(conc)
print("Solute required: ")
print(str(solute) + " g")
print(" ")
print("Note:  This program is a guide, and you should double check calculations")
#Chemical solute calculator
print("Chemical solute calculator")
print(" ")
print("This program will ask you for some basic data and then calculate how much solute is needed for a given volume and concentration")
print(" ")
mass = input ("Mass in g: ") 
print("Solute requred")
volume = input("Volume in l: ")
print((volume) + " l")
conc = input ("Required Concentration in M: ") 


solute = float(mass) * float(volume) * float(conc)
print(solute)

Note: This is just meant to work and perform a single function. I have not added error checking, so values are numerical.

Tags

#Calculator,#Solute,#Chemistry,#Solution,#Volume,#Mols


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Percentage Composition in Chemistry 2

I have remade the video where I explain how to calculate percentage composition. Here I am using Methane as a worked example.

Hopefully it gets the idea across, I will make more and give different examples, hopefully in doing so I will learn and gain confidence in making these videos.

More videos

I have put more videos on the STEM Group blog

Tags

#Chemistry,#PercentageComposition


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Home Chemistry 19 part 1

How to calculate what is needed for a displacement reaction to take place.

I asked this on Science forums but this is the basis of my question

I have some Copper Sulfate in solution, along with various metallic elements which should produce a displacement reaction for example

Rough equations@-

  • CuSO_4 + Mg => MgSO4 + Cu
  • CuSO_4 + Zn => ZnSO4 + Cu
  • CuSO_4 + Al => AlSO4 + Cu

If I make up a 0.1 molar solution of Copper Sulfate at 100ml volume I need 2.49g of Copper Sulfate in 100ml water. This is fine.

Now if I wanted to add just enough of one of the above metals to displace all the copper do I calculate as follows

( I could look this up, but I have an idea of how to do this, so am asking to see if I am on the right track)

  • 1 M of Copper sulfate weighs 249g
  • Mass of copper is 63.54 g then calculating the % composition gives
    • 63.54 / 249 = 0.26 x 100 = 26%

So if I have a 0.1 M solution, and used 2.49 g of the copper sulfate do I then work out what 26% of that is with

  • 0.26 x 2.49 = 0.65g

Therefore I need 0.65g of one of the above elements to displace the Copper

I think that I am nearly there with this, but given Magnesium , Aluminium and Zinc all have different weights, do I need to factor in the atomic mass of the element I am using for the displacement ?

Or just weigh out say 0.65g of Magnesium to produce

CuSO4 5H2O (solution) + Mg = MgSO4 (solution) + Cu + H20

I am not quite sure what happens to the 5H_2O here.

Am I right on my thinking here ?

#Chemistry,#HomeChemistry,#HomeChemistry19


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Making a Sodium Chloride Solution attempt 3

So further to my previous video, where I measure out the required amount of Sodium Chloride, this video illustrates mixing the solution in a 100ml volumetric flask

Two parts to this video

  1. Measuring Sodium Chloride
  2. Making the actual solution

Tags

#Science,#Chemistry,#Molar,#Solutions.#HowTo,#Demonstration


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